Differentiation in Special Education Classrooms

Differentiation is the way a teacher prepares instruction to meet the needs of all the children in an inclusive classroom, from the most challenged to the most gifted. Differentiating instruction is not only going to help your special education students fully participate, it will also enrich and improve the experience of the general education students. Everybody wins. A well designed differentiated lesson will include some of the following: A strong visual component, collaborative activities, peer coaching, a multi-sensory approach to presenting information and differentiated assessment based on strengths. A Strong Visual Component Arent digital cameras and online image searches wonderful resources? Children with reading problems have a great deal less difficulty dealing with pictures than symbols. You might even have teams of children work together to gather pictures for instruction, or you might ask Mom to email you  some favorite vacation pictures. Autistic students can benefit from the use of cards to learn sight vocabulary, attributes, safety signs and to evaluate new vocabulary. Collaborative Activities Collaboration will be the mark of a successful leader and employee in the future, so this is a skill all students will need. We also know that children learn best from peers. One of the strongest reasons for inclusion is the fact that working across ability groups pulls up the lower functioning group. You need to take time to teach collaboration, using a fishbowl approach. Have a group of students model the process of collaboration, and then evaluate their performance as a group. As you are teaching a lesson using collaborative teams, spend time evaluating them as a group: Did everyone get a chance to talk? Did everyone participate? If you observe that groups are not functioning well, you may need to move in, stop, and do some coaching. Peer Coaching Its a good idea to create several partners for every child in the class. One method involves 4 pairings in each class a clock face to illustrate: a 12 oclock partner, with a student most like each student in ability (assigned by the teacher,) a 6 oclock partner, who is the opposite level of ability, and 3 and 9 oclock partners of their choosing. Spend time early in the year training your students to work in partnerships. You might try trust walks with your partners, having each child take turns walking their blindfolded partner around the classroom with only spoken directions. Be sure to debrief with your class, and talk about the importance of listening to each other and understanding each others strengths and weaknesses. Be sure you model the kind of positive interpersonal interactions you want to see from kids. Peer coaches can help each other with flashcards, with written assignments, and with collaborative activities. A Multi-Sensory Approach We are way too dependent on print as a way to introduce new information. Some of the children with IEPs may have strengths in unexpected areas: they may be great illustrators, creative builders, and very capable at gathering information visually on the internet. The more sensory avenues you engage as you are introducing new material, the more likely all your students will retain it. Do some tasting with a social studies lesson: How about coconut for a unit on the Pacific, or trying some salsa when you are learning about Mexico? How about movement? You can use a molecule game to teach children what happened when you heat elements. When you turned up the heat (orally, and raising my hand to raise the temperature) they would rush around the room as far apart as possible. When you drop the temperature (and my hand) the students would gather together and move just a little bit, slowly. You can bet every one of those kids remembered what happened when you heat a liquid or gas! Assessment that Builds on Strengths ​ There are lots of ways to assess mastery other than a multiple choice test. Rubrics are one great way to create clear ways for students to show they have mastered the materials. A portfolio may be another way. Rather than asking a student to write, you may ask a student to sort or group pictures according to criteria you have learned, name pictures, or have the students answer questions that help them display knowledge of new materials.

The Halves That Were Not Equal - 1168 Words

Colton Padgett Mr. Steen, Ms. Cucinelli 5/ 55 B March 18th, 2015 The Two Halves That Were Not Equal After Nazi Germany’s fall in the civil war, Germany was split into two parts separated by the Berlin Wall. The soviets had control of the east and the allied powers controlled the west.The division of Germany was not beneficial to both the allied west and the soviet east because the soviet east was under the rule of a socialist government and their citizens had no rights. The Division of Germany caused Germany to divide into a east and west side, the east was under the Soviet government rule. As a consequence of the†¦show more content†¦The FRG saw the GDR as a soviet puppet state. A puppet state is defined as: a state that is allegedly independent but is in fact dependant on an outside power.(The Free Dictionary) Therefore, to the FRG, the DGR was illegitimate, and the FRG did not concern themselves with the GDR. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy was speaking in West Germany and in his speech he said â€Å"Let them come to Berlin†. Insisting on people co ming to the democratic city of berlin in the FRG.(â€Å"Modern germany†) The German Democratic Republic tried to claim by the German Reichts that they were a legitimate state. GDR claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany. They claimed they were the democratically re-organized continuation of the 1871-1946 German Reicht.(Germany after World War II.) However, this claim was false, yes they had elections, but they were not free and fair by any means. East Germany’s elections only had one candidate who was usually screened by the government.(Coleman). So sure, the citizens could vote, but they only had one choice. In West Germany, elections were all fair by way of Democracy.(Coleman) Citizens in West Germany had multiple candidates to vote for and these candidates were not screened by the government unlike

The Quakers And The Religious Society Of Friends - 967 Words

The Quakers were first founded in the mid-1600s in England and were formerly known as The Religious Society of Friends. They were a very simple and devoted democratic group of people. When they arrived in America, they began to try to settle in Massachusetts. Massachusetts was also where the Puritan colonists had been settling and because they (the Quakers) threatened the Puritan’s beliefs in America they gave them and other opposing religions, such as the Baptists, harsh punishments for inhabiting their land which included hanging, fines, whipping, and banishing the people from Massachusetts. The Quakers later moved their efforts to the new land of Pennsylvania. They established their land on â€Å"the equality of all persons (including women, blacks, and Indians) before God.† They proved this stance of equality by being the â€Å"first group of whites to repudiate slavery† of Africans. They also purchased their found land from the Indians that owned it. These a ctions show that the Quakers truly lived in equality. â€Å"Religious freedom was Penn’s most fundamental principle.† The Quakers never gave an established church for Pennsylvania and allowed almost all religious freedom in its land. Although the Quakers were lenient on race, gender, and religious preference they did have a â€Å"strict code of personal morality.† They â€Å"prohibited swearing, drunkenness, and adultery† among many other activities that they thought were immoral. Many of their beliefs spread throughout America and hasShow MoreRelatedQuakers Essay583 Words   |  3 PagesQuakers For the worship service, I visited one of the Quakers Friends meeting houses. Since my familys religious background is Catholic Christian, This offered interesting views and different perceptions. Quakers history and believes were especially brought me interest. When I went to the Quakers Friends house I was nervous because I felt I am the first visitor and I did not know what I supposed to do in there. However, people in Friend house was really friendly and kind to guide meRead MoreThe Colonial Period Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluential people who help shape present society through questioning past beliefs. Martin Luther leads the Protestant Reformation. John Calvin expands on the idea of predestination. The Puritans live strictly by the word of the Bible, and the Quakers inspire many people to join them in their friendly lifestyle. All of these people contribute to our society today and brave the face of adversity. Martin Luther, born in 1483, comes from a poor upbringing. Religious as a boy, Martin Luther earns his wagesRead MoreThe Silencing of Mary Dyer778 Words   |  3 PagesSociety has not changed much since the time of Mary Dyer. Challenges surface left and right to people undeserving. No one should stand down to what they believe in. Today, individuals are faced with much discrimination, but religious discrimination seems to stand out the most. Everyone is left with a choice to make despite what society has to say. Just like Mary Dyer. Mary Dyer was a Quaker. Quakers are a group of people with Christian roots. Quakers believe in equality. They don’t likeRead MorePuritans, Quakers, And Witchcraft1416 Words   |  6 PagesFaith LePage HIS 201-112 Professor Newsum 10 November 2014 Puritans, Quakers, and Witchcraft Seventeenth and eighteenth century Puritans arrived in the new world; their morality structured the disciplinary actions toward Quakers, those who were considered witches, and Puritans alike throughout the Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritans Structure and new world have three significant events and one leading man. Puritans on the Mayflower traveling to the Massachusetts Bay colony were led by John WinthropRead MoreQuakerism: Practices, Beliefs and Values Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesResearching for the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers as they are called heavily reminds me of Social Work. Their core beliefs and values correlate very closely to Social Work’s own core beliefs and values. For my paper, I will discuss Quakerism, their practices, beliefs, values, and how Quakerism supports human rights and equality. A Brief History The Religious Society of Friends was founded by George Fox during the 1600s in England. The term â€Å"Quaker† was given to the group as a way toRead MoreThe Colonial Settlements Of The Quakers1753 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will explore the history of the colonial settlements of the Quakers, who are also known as the Society of Friends, who settled in New Jersey and Pennsylvania in colonial times. The history surrounding the establishment and growth of the Quaker colonies of West Jersey and Pennsylvania will be discussed. William Penn’s efforts in establishing the colonies of West Jersey and Pennsylvania were paramount to Quakers immigrating to America. John Fenwick also played a major role in foundingRead MoreEthnocentrism, Economic Independence, And The Religious Independence1231 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the class we have cover many different topic but they all come back to the American. I will be talking to you about the ethnocentrism, economic in dependence, and the religious independence. Before I start telling you about how they affect today s world I will tell you some characteristic and a little about them. Generosity is a characteristic that we have in today s world. Generosity is the quality of being kind understanding, and unselfishness, being generous having willingness toRead MoreBiography of Lucretia Mott959 Words   |  4 Pagesprograms in which she did not believe. She was born a Quaker, also known as the Society of Friends, a religious group which believed in relative equality and in nonviolence. In the period in which she was born and raised, women were supposed to be seen and not heard. They were to be subservient to men in all things, including the home and the work force, if indeed the woman were allowed to work at all. Yet Mott, nee Coffin, refused to let society marginalize her and demanded equality. Certain rightsRead MoreThe Early Anti-Slavery Movement1027 Words   |  5 PagesChristian’s denominations. After many religions believers continued preaching about the anti-slavery, their voices were heard. Additionally, around late eighteenth century and the beginni ng of the nineteenth century, the anti-slavery movement started by religious influences (American Anti-Slavery Movement, 2012). Many slaves went threat each year in the American Revolution and the Civil War. Meanwhile, some stayed in the South, looking for family who they have been separating or refuge from slavery. Read MoreThe Underground Railroad And The American Civil War1203 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as the Underground Railroad and spanned across twenty-nine states. Routes also led to Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Historians believe the origins of the Underground Railroad can be traced back to the Quakers (Penrice). Without the courageous efforts of the dedicated Quaker men and women, the Underground Railroad would not have been successful in leading an estimated 100,000 slaves to freedom (Myths of the Underground Railroad). When British Colonial America was first colonized

Massachusetts Legislature Votes to Ban Same-Sex...

Massachusetts Legislature Votes to Ban Same-Sex Marriages but Approves of Civil Unions As supporters and opponents were anxiously awaiting for a decision on Mar. 29, the Massachusetts legislature voted 105-92 to ban gay marriage when it approved of amending the state constitution that would overturn the Supreme Judicial Court’s ruling that made same-sex marriages legal five months ago. However, the legislature also voted to legalize civil unions. The amendment was altered from when it was introduced this month, and now says that aside from permitting civil unions but banning gay marriage, it would clarify that gay couples who marry into civil unions would not receive any federal marriage rights and benefits. It cannot be changed†¦show more content†¦Opponents say, â€Å"†¦the unions are contrary to Jewish tradition and Torah law, and that any statement on officiation is unwise as the movement struggles for religious legitimacy in Israel,† (The Forward, December 24, 1999, p. 1). Rabbi Kroloff, the president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis believes that the resolution that approves of same-sex marriages in Jewish institutions in Orlando will pass. He also reported to The Forward that his organizations board last month voted 26 to 0 in favor of the resolution. Furthermore, the co-chairwoman of the Womens Rabbinic Network, Rabbi Shira Stern, said, â€Å"We urge everyone to be tolerant of other peoples choices,† (The Forward, December 24, 1999, p. 1). Some countries’ religious traditions are still very strict when it comes to sexual orientation. For example, in 2003, a Russian priest was dismissed from the church after marrying two gay men. Father Vladimir, a clergy member of the Russian Orthodox Church in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, east of Moscow, was expelled after he married Denis Gogolev and Misha Morozov. The couple had a traditional religious ceremony with exchanging vows, rings and wearing crowns. Gogolev and Morozov said that the ceremony should highlight how gays can and should live in Russia, and quite openly, (Gay.com, September 5, 2003). Homosexuality between men was legalized in Russia in 1993. It was considered aShow MoreRelatedSame-Sex Marriage Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesJust about everyone has an opinion on whether same-sex couples should be allowed to legally marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are willing to be together forRead MoreLegalize Gay Marriage Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized Just about everyone has an opinion on legally allowing same-sex couples to marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. Why should a couple be forbidden from showing each other along with family and friends that they are fully committed to each other? What place is it for the government to say that said couple is not allowed to commit to the one who truly makes you happy? Why should these people who are willingRead MorePolitical Issues of Same-Sex Marriage Essay3061 Words   |  13 PagesIssues of Same-Sex Marriage The political aspects of whether same-sex couples should be allowed to federal and government recognized marriages are a very complex issue. There are basically two sides to the political argument of whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry. On one side are the liberals who feel that marriage is a civil right that should be denied based on the basis of a persons sexual orientation. On the other side you have conservatives who feel that marriage is an institutionRead MoreGAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN THE 60S3496 Words   |  14 Pagestimeline provides information about the gay rights movement in the United States from 1924 to the present: including the Stonewall riots; the contributions of Harvey Milk; the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy; the first civil unions; the legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York; and more. 1924 The Society for Human Rights in Chicago becomes the countrys earliest known gay rights organization. 1948 Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, revealingRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Law Case2813 Words   |  12 Pageshead: SAME-SEX MARRIAGE LAW 1. SAME-SEX MARRIAGE LAW 13. Comprehensive Exam Capstone LS 602 Sherron Chatman Kaplan University Same-Sex Marriage Law Introduction Same-Sex couples have had a long battle in obtaining the right to marry. Some battles fought ended in victory, others in defeat. In the end, same-sex couplesRead MoreShould Homosexuals Be Allowed to Marry?2119 Words   |  9 PagesAllowed to Marry? Marriage is a very sacred arrangement. It is a lifetime commitment said to be only between man and woman. These two people should love or be in love with each other. Over the years homosexuality has come to the forefront. The question of should homosexuals be allowed to marry each other has had the world in an uproar. Homosexuals, indeed should be able to marry each other with the same benefits as man and woman. I chose to write about gay marriage because it is very closeRead MoreGender Pay Gap14271 Words   |  58 Pagesand promotions — the biggest sex-discrimination lawsuit in U.S. history — may be heading for the Supreme Court. Some women s advocates argue that a controversial high-court ruling last year makes it more difficult to sue over wage discrimination.Go to topOverviewAn insult to my dignity is the way Lilly Ledbetter described it. For 19 years, she worked at the Goodyear Tire plant in Gadsden, Ala., one of a handful of women among the roughly 80 people who held the same supervisory position she didRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pages1. American Civil Rights Movement THE BLACKS 1865 and 1870 - Three Constitutional amendments: The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment gave blacks the rights of citizenship, and The Fifteenth Amendment gave them the right to vote. Until the modern civil rights movement (1950s) blacks were denied access to public places such as restaurants, hotels, theaters, and schools. There were separate facilities marked colored only, which was sanctioned by the courts. 1896Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescollapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without seriousRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagessustaining profitability today. Pacesetter companies are increasingly moving to manage and lead their organizations in these terms. For example, consider the continuously strong performance of longterm business powerhouses as diverse as General Electric, Union Pacific, and Wal-Mart. Moreover, the successful confluence of this kind of management with technology sends a similar message when one gets equally deeply into highly fluctuating markets and businesses ranging from Intel to Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum:

University Students Should Wear Uniforms Free Essays

Recently, we know that the global warming had become big crises that occur not only in our country but it also occurs at other country for example Australia, Japan, and England. Physically, if we look what happened around us, due to the development of buildings, forest deforestation and open burning. This shows that we are not very concern about how important taking care of our earth as we want the best to protect it from any pollution especially global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on University Students Should Wear Uniforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Besides, if there is a lot of process of development that occurs, maybe it will destroy our ecosystem. Besides that, as we know, global warming can be defined as the earth’s average temperature increases. The average temperature in our earth is increasing due to human activities that occurs a long time ago until now it gives negative effects to our environment for example droughts, melting of polar ice and glaciers causing a rise in sea level, change in wind directions and weather patterns. We can handle it by contributing an awareness campaign, which if global warming do not occur, maybe a lot of people know how to take care of our earth , but in reality they are still do not realize what they are doing whether it is good or bad. Among the awareness campaign which can handle the global warming from human and globalization are the celebration of Earth’s Day that was held in year of 2011 every 22 April. This celebration was held to aware everyone how important protects or conserves our earth. A lot of people do not realize the existence of this earth’s day, but some of them who are really love nature or the association of a love nature will involved themselves in giving awareness to the others so that they will not too greedy to destroy our earth. A part of that, the Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty signed by countries was held 11 December 1997 as they are committed to the reduction of release in greenhouse effect such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous dioxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCS), besides they want to ensure that the reduction of release in gases by the rate of 5. percent in 2010 rather than in year of 1992. The negative effects can be reduced if every individual plays an important role in limiting the release of greenhouse gases. In addition, since year of 1992, the Unity of national countries of environment and development (UNCED) or now it is known as the Council of Rio Culmination had organized an awareness campaign about the global warming. This campaign had reached to the highest level. Among the matter that is approved, rich countries are needed to reduce the pollution in their countries; help a development country manage the energy generator efficiently. Besides, they also want to reduce the poverty, increase the quality of water, use more clean energy, a better administration, and use product that nature friendly. Nevertheless, their result were not achieved due to some of the countries try to make their own action Furthermore, Earth Hour is another of the awareness campaign that is organized by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) starting from the year of 2004 by WWF Australia. This celebration was held every year on 26 March which it will celebrate by switch off all the lights starting from 8. 30pm until 9. 30pm. Why this campaign was held? This is because a lot of countries had through a badly changing temperature such as Myanmar, Honduras, Vietnam, Nicaragua, India, Haiti, Republic Dominica, Filipina and China. These are the list of the top 10 of the countries that undergo the phenomenon of global warming. A part of that, Bangladesh also through a badly changing temperature which based on the statistic between 1990 and 2008 which the average of their residents died out there are 8240 people every year. A rise in sea level every year also gives harm to them who live near the beach. The Earth Hour is one of the awareness campaigns that achieved reducing 10% of the effect of the global warming. Why? This is because a lot of countries besides Malaysia also show their concern in saving the earth. Many people around the world do not realized; if we keep reducing the use of energy or reduce the burning of fossil fuels maybe we can avoid from the global warming from occur. So that’s why even only 10%, if we make it every year, maybe we can reduce the effects of the global warming until 50% to 80% in a decade. How to cite University Students Should Wear Uniforms, Essay examples

Market Segmentation - Targeting And Positioning- My Assignment Help

Develop a segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy for your firm's product. Ensurethat you discuss how you would segment the market for the product and which segmentation variables you would use; which segment(s) you would target, how and why; and what brand position you would recommend for the product to occupy; and how to target the recommended segment(s). It is imperative that you justify the recommended strategies. Market segmentation, targeting and positioning: The bread market in Australia needs to emphasize on fulfilling the demand of local regular resident in Australia. The below section will provide the details of the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy for this bread market backed by theoretical approach: Market segmentation: Segmenting market means dividing a marketplace into distinctive grouping of buyers all the way through dissimilar requirements features as well as behaviour, which may have need of dissimilar products or marketing mixes. According to the literature related to segmentation, it is noted that there are five parameters for segmenting the market place, such as geographic variable, demographic variable, psychographic variable, behavioural variable and other aspects (Applegate and Johnsen, 2007). However, it is also true that no one single variable can be treated as the best fit for segmenting the market place. Reviewing the strategy adopted by market leaders in diversified industry, it can be said that it will be better to combine two or three variables that will support the organization to better define the target markets (Lamb, 2004). Therefore, from this point of view, it is recommended that the organization operated in the bread market in Australia, there is requiring combining the demographic variable with geographic variables. In specific, it can be said that the target market will be local residents [geographic variable] and middle and upper income category [geographic variable] groups. Target market: Targeting is all about evaluation of segmented market place. Here, the organization needs to evaluate the market segments as well as has to take a decision regarding which market place have to serve. The below figure will explore the details targeting strategy that considered all the segmented market places (Pelsmacker, Geuens and Bergh, 2004). Figure: Target market (Pelsmacker, Geuens and Bergh, 2004) Now, in this specific case before taking decision regarding what segment needs to be targeted, there is required to evaluate the market needs. The given information shows that several market operators cut the price of bread in an unconventional way. Under such circumstances, it is important to identify the appropriate market for targeting purpose. Since, the product itself clarifies that it is a daily needed product; the target market will be the known market place. In specific the switcher as well as loyal to other brand group will have to select here. In order do so, there is requiring implementing effective promotional strategy for the own products. However, it can be said that whatever, targeting strategy the organization will choose, it must be measurable, accessible, substantial, differentiable and actionable. Positioning: This the third stage of the segmenting, targeting and positioning or the STP strategy. It is noted that once the organization come across through segmenting as well as targeting strategy, it must have to decide in what position the organization will operate in the long run to occupy the targeted segmented market place. According to the literature, it can be noted that the product position is the stratagem through which the product is identified by customers on the basis of several imperative characteristics, such as the place the product lived in the consumers minds comparative to other organizations products. As identified by Semenik (2002), there are certain strategies commonly employed by the market leaders in several industry, such as product class, product attributes, benefits offered, usage occasions, users, against a competitors, and away from competitors. Below figure explored all such strategy: Figure: Positioning strategy (Semenik, 2002) Here, in case of bread market in Australia, the organization needs to select the positioning strategy, which will be best fit on given circumstances. It is the fact that cutting price will be the effective one to sustain in this market place (Wood, n.d.). Through several issues are there regarding such low pricing strategy, still the case example of Woolworths shows that it will be beneficial in the long run. So, keeping all these aspects in mind, the positing strategy will mainly emphasize on benefits offered to the consumer. However, in addition to this specified positioning strategy, the organization will also implement other promotional campaign to stay away from its competitors. Hence, to conclude this STP analysis, it can be said that the organization will target the switcher as well as loyal to other brand of the local as well as upper and middle income group of people through providing benefits. References Applegate, E. and Johnsen, A. (2007).Cases in advertising and marketing management. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield. Lamb, C. (2004).Marketing. Cape Town, S.A.: Oxford University Press. Pelsmacker, P., Geuens, M. and Bergh, J. (2004).Marketing communications. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Semenik, R. (2002).Promotion and integrated marketing communications. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western Thomson Learning. Wood, M. (n.d.).The marketing plan handbook.

Consolidating Reflective Clinical Practice-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consolidating Reflective Clinical Practice? Answer: Introducation Mrs. Betty White is an 85 year old woman and a widow of 5 years. She has been living in a low care aged care facility since her husband died. She has a supportive family and has a sonand a daughter.Her daughter lives locallyandvisits twicea week. Her sonlives interstate with his family.Members of her church also visit her once a week.She participates in the social activities within the aged care facility in order to get over from loneliness. She is a retired office worke and does not drive She takes the help of family members and taxis to get around. Betty is an ex-smoker and gave up smoking 10 years ago.She has a medical history of Hypertension, Hypercholesterolaemia, Asthma/COPD, Osteoarthritis.She was admitted in the hospital as she was suffering from a chest infection.The doctors diagnosed that she was suffering from Left lower lobe pneumonia (Chan, 2015). When she was admitted in the hospital, she developed a fracture in the right neck of femur.Betty was taken to the Emergency Department (ED) with the help of an ambulance. She suffered from high temperature, shortness of breath and congestion in the chest.Her daughter Jane, was informed that her mother was hospitalized. She visited the Emergency Department to visit her mother.A chest x-ray and blood tests were conducted in the ED and the reports showed that Betty was suffering from pneumonia.She was advised on intravenous (IV) antibiotics, oxygen therapy and Ventolin and Normal Saline nebulisersby the clinicians in the hospital. Betty was transferred to the respiratory or a medical ward on the same day in the afternoon(Lancaster, 2015). The clinical practice issues of concern in Bettys care that her mother was not given any medicaments in the morning by the nursing staff and usual medications were not written up on her medication chart (McFarland, 2014).Jane had a talk with the nurse that her mother seemed to be a bit confused and it was not normal as her mother was normally quite alert and orientated. Betty became quite distressed and more confused and wanted to meet her doctor. Another concern during Bettys case was that her daughter was not informed about her condition becoming worse and a fellow patient in Bettys room rang the bell at 2am in order to call the staff and shouted ina loudvoice to seek help. The nurse found out that Betty was laying on the floor next to her bed.Her IV was pulled out and there was blood was all over the floor.She was moaning.It was observed by the nurses that Betty had developed a laceration on her forehead and her right leg and foot was externally rotated.The nurses also found out t hat Betty had urinated on the floor.When Jane was informed about it she was furious that proper care was not given to her mother inspite of informing the nurse that she was in a confused state(Wall Morrison, 2014). Betty was observed by the resident medical officer, who advised an urgent head CT scan and x-ray of her legs.The reports of the CT scan were normal but the x-ray showed that Betty had developed an intracapsular fracture in her right neck of femur.Betty was advised a surgery by the orthopaedic team in the morning and her hip wound edges were not healing as she had developed an infection.This shows that the surgical procedure was not successful as well(gotnes, Jacobsen, Petersen, 2016). The National Health and Safety Standardswere developed by the Commission in order to improve the quality of health care in Australia by the implementation of safety and quality systems.There are 10 NSQHS Standards in order to ensure quality care for patients and satisfaction. These are as follows: Governance for Safety and Quality in Health Service Organisations which involves the provision of quality healthcare services to the patients. 2. Partnering with Consumers which aims to develop several strategies in order to develop a health system that is consumer-centred. It also includes taking a feedback from consumers during the development and design of quality health care. Preventing and Controlling Healthcare Associated Infections which involves different types strategies in order to prevent infection in patients during the treatment in the healthcare system and.It also involves using proper methods to manage infections in an effective manner when they occur to reduce the drastic health effects(Alkon, Rose, Wolff, Aronson, 2016). Medication Safety which involves the formation of proper systems and s trategies in order to make sure that the clinicians have prescribed and administer to patients. 5. Patient Identification and Procedure Matching which involves the formation of appropriate systems and strategies for the correct identification of patients.This standard is developed to make sure that the identity of the patient matches with the correct treatment(Huber, 2013). Clinical Handover which involves the formation of appropriate systems and strategies in order to make sure that the clinical communication is done in an effective manner to provide proper patient care. Blood and Blood Products which involves the formation of appropriate systems and strategies to make sure that management of blood and blood products received by the patients safe, effective and appropriate(Moorhead, Johnson, Swanson, 2014). Preventing and managing pessure injuries which involves the formation of appropriate systems and strategies in order to prevent pressure injuries developing in patients and providing proper practice management during the occurrence of pressure injuries . Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in acute health care which which involves the formation of appropriate systems and processes that should be implemented by health service organisations in order to respond to patients in an effective manner when their health condition gets worsened(Potter, 2014). Preventing Falls and Harm from Falls which which involves the formation of appropriate systems and strategies in order to reduce the occurrence of patients falls in health service organisations and providing proper care. It can be observed from the case study of Betty that there are a few National Health and Safety Standards that have been breached in providing her proper care.These are Standard 1, Governance for Safety and Quality in Health Service Organisations because Betty was not provided quality care in the hospital as the nurse allotted to her did not take proper care during the night in spite of knowing that she was in a confused state. She was also being admitted in a 4 bed ward that was quite far off from the nurses(Steven, Magnusson, Pearson, 2014). Her daughter was also not informed when her health worsened during the night. Another nursing standard that was breached is Preventing and Controlling Healthcare Associated Infections, because after the surgery was done she developed an infection which shows that proper strategies were not followed by the clinicians during the surgery. Standard 4,that is Medication Safety was also breached because Bretty was not prescribed any medicines by the nurse when she was admitted in the ED and her daughter had to inform the same to the nurse(Rosenthal, 2014). The two standards that could have been maintained by the healthcare staff in the delivery of care to Betty and her family during her hospitalisation are Standard 1 and Standard 4. Standard 1 is Governance for Safety and Quality in Health Service Organisationswhich involves the provision of quality health services by the health service organisations in order to implement safe practices. The clinicians would have transparent towards betty and her daughter Jane and should provided proper information about her disease. The health care professionals should would have made sure that the healthcare services are flexible, easy to access and follow. They should have recruited a dedicated and a nursing staff(Peabody, 2015). This would have led to a positive impact on the well being and the emotional health of the patient and would have taken less duration to get cured. A proper education of patients leads to improvement in the hospital journey and reduces the anxiety, stress and pain in them. Betty and her daughter should have been given proper information about the disease, its symptoms, treatment plan and preventive measures to avoid any confusion and to tackle the disease.Sometimes a lack of effective communication can result in misinterpretation by the patients as they understand it partially and it leads to adverse conditions. Betty should have been properly counseled and provided emotional support to boost her confidence and improve her self-esteem. Betty should have been motivated to ask any queries or doubts related to the disease that would have helped in improving satisfaction and confidence in her.She should have been provided regular follow-ups to keep a track on the progress made and also if there are any symptoms of ill effects(Jones, 2016). The clinician along with nurses, dieticians and other health care professionals should have provided various strategies for self-management of the disease to Betty.They should have worked in teams or in collaboration to provide proper communication to her as well to her daughter.This would have helped in enhancing her safety and must have avoid any mishappening with the patient that occured due to ineffective communication. Betty and her daughter should be provided proper instructions regarding the medicaments and other measures to be followed to prevent the side effects(Festini, 2014).There are various precautions that should have been advised to her to get cured from infection such as she should must be provided a separate toilet at home if possible or should flush the toilet every time they use them(Ball, Murrells, Rafferty, Griffiths, 2013). The caregivers at home should be provided with gloves while handling the blood, stool or urine sample of the patient. This would help her t o get rid of infection and get well soon. Standard 4 that is medication safety was also breached in the case of Bretty. It involves the documentation of correct medicines in the medication chart of the patient in order to prevent serious side effects. Documentation in nursing plays a very important role in healthcare and it is generated by electronic means in to record information about the patient who will be undergoing treatment. Documenting care can be defined as a medical electronic record that includes basic information of the patient, medicaments prescribed, illness and its treatment procedure.It also includes various other reports like Magnetic Resonance Imaging, electrocardiograms and computerized tomography.The main objective of these systems is that it helps in decision analysis and facilitates treatment.The information is recorded in clinical database and can be used as future reference and evidence(Daly Jackson, 2017). In the case of Bretty, her nurse forgot to write medications in her medication chart and she w as not given any medicines. It would have led to serious medical complications in her if her daughter had not informed the nurse at the right time. There are various advantages of electronic health medical records like the patient records can be accessed more quickly and efficiently. It enables the doctors to diagnose a disease more efficiently and reduces the chances of medical errors during surgical procedures. It also lowers the healthcare costs by proper coordination of the healthcare services by reduction in redundant and useless tests. It also provides better health care by improving all aspects of patient care like proper communication, being patientcentric and other important aspects of patient care.The patients admitted in the ward in the health care organizations should be provided patient centered care as it results in patients to live longer and reduces the pressure on health care organizations. It also improves the quality of the services offered by them and makes people active to get rid of various diseases and look after them by following a healthy lifestyle. This would help in reducing the overall cost of the tre atment, improves the overall experience and help them to be more independent(Lewis, 2013). Healthcare professionals and should train their team properly to avoid any misunderstandings regarding the treatment and overcome all the barriers in communication. They should cater to the needs of patients and his family members; solve their queries by being an active listener in a proactive manner. The main aim is to have a strong relation between the patient and the clinician. Nurses who work alongside need to ensure that the patients receive timely care and medications during the treatment Several protective measures should taken by the health organizations to avoid various kinds of infection, injuries or accidents. It is a top priority in many hospitals but some hospitals are not able to avoid errors during their treatment. It leads to serious complications, slow recovery, increased length of hospitalization and also unnecessary deaths of patients. Patient safety can be ensured by identifying patients correctly by mentioning their name and date of birth, improved staff communication, safe use of medicines by administering them carefully in the patients. There should be safe use of alarms to prevent mistakes in various surgical processes and identify safety risks in patients. This will help in preventing various kinds of infections caused by different pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in the patients especially those who have undergone surgery(Lord Tiedemann, 2013).The nurses should follow all the legal and ethical principles of nursing. Nurses are responsible fo r providing person centered care to their patients and help them whenever they are in need because nursing is a profession which emphasizes in providing quality care health services to the individuals and several families. Hospitals should recruit safe and a competent nurse and the one who follows all the regulations, standards and the professional values during the service.They should take consent from the patient and his family members before starting the treatment procedure. They should explain the medications and the precautionary measures to be taken, functions and side effects of the drugs and the risks involved in the treatment procedure. 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