Did humans kill off the Mega-fauna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Did humans kill off the Mega-fauna - Essay Example The answer is difficult to know for sure, but it seems increasingly likely that human beings played a large role in the extinction of megafauna. The idea that human beings are responsible for the deaths of these large animals is a controversial one. There are other theories that lay out competing claims. As Floyd Largent writes in his article on comet impacts, these kinds of extinction events may be explained by the high impact collision of an extraterrestrial body. He describes a recently published theory that states, â€Å"a comet hit North America 12,900 years ago, dooming the Pleistocene megafauna and decimating the local human population† (Largent, 1). This may well have happened and be true. Indeed, huge numbers of megafauna may have died in this event. But the question we must ask ourselves is: does this theory fit the pattern that has begun to emerge over the last few years regarding the extinction of megafauna? Leaving judgment on this theory aside for the moment, it is useful to examine additional evidence that is somewhat related. According to recent studies, a massive climate shift occurred about 12,000 years ago that killed off massive amounts of the large animals in North America. In his article on the subject C. Vance Haynes canvases a number of theories. He looks at the possibility of a cosmic collision, massive climate change, and human hunters. However, he feels unable to come to a conclusion due to the proliferation of theories and the still undiscovered geochronological evidence. He does however say, â€Å"I remain skeptical of the ET impact hypothesis as the cause of the YD onset and the megafaunal extinction. However, I reiterate, something major happened at 10,900 B.P. that we have yet to understand† (Haynes, 6525). That is very nice, but not especially helpful. He believes humans had an impact, but were not the

Nurses dealing with the death of their patient Essay

Nurses dealing with the death of their patient - Essay Example There are several tips that can help those entering the nursing field for the first time and who need guidance on how to handle death and the bereaved family once the death of one of their patients occurs. The tips will be discussed in detail below. The first thing to always remember and put in mind is that death is inevitable for anyone no matter whether the patient had signs to die or not. This therefore calls for acceptance once it happens. Acceptance is not always easy but reminding oneself that the patient wherever he or she is has no more pain and is better off comprises acceptance. One has also to think about the rest of the people who are living and how lucky they are to be alive and this will help with the acceptance process. There is no time limit for this process of acceptance just as there is no time limit for grieving (Kasher, 2009). The other thing the nurse has to remember is that everyone is allowed to grieve and in whichever way they want to as long as if it is in the workplace, one has to still maintain professionalism unless under closed doors, in the presence of a counselor or fellow nurses who have also undergone the same thing in the past or more often. One can shed tears in the work place and once at home, they can fully grieve and breakdown. Grieving even though is another step of acceptance is a channel to express the feelings of pain, anger and unhappiness that come with death. Talking is another way to cope with bereavement of a patient. Talking can be with family members, with grief professional, with other nurses who have had to undergo the same during their career or even with close friends and spouse as long as they understand. It helps to talk to people who will not judge but who will be understanding and considerate of your feelings and hence the coworkers and grief counselor are the best. Talking will also help to heal quickly and move on so that you will be able to pay more attention to the rest of the loving patients who

Female characters from Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and from The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy Essay Example for Free

Female characters from Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and from The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy Essay Compare the presentation of two female characters, one from Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, and one from The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy, Pay close attention to their roles as outsiders. In these works of prose fiction, both authors write about women confronted by circumstances that make their lives very difficult. The women are, or become, outsiders of one sort or another. You will need to: show your knowledge of both texts Use quotations to support the points that you make Show a knowledge of the life and times that each author was writing in Show what you understand the term outsider to mean. I am writing an essay comparing Curly`s wife from the novel Of Mice and Men and Rhoda Brook from The Withered Arm. John Steinbeck was born in 1902 and lived until 1968 was an American who lived in California this is where he wrote his novels. He always had jobs on farms during his highschool-years, or, as he was very much interested in science, helped out in local laboratories. After school John went to college at Stanford University but John dropped out of school without a degree to enter journalism in New York. He then returned to California to write novel writer. Of Mice and Men was the first novel that was recognised, Of Mice and Men was first published in 1937. In 1962 John Steinbeck got the Nobel-prize for literature. Steinbeck wrote Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men was a story about two men who move from Ranch to Ranch earning just enough money to last them the week. John Steinbeck wrote this story from experience he also travelled from ranch to ranch so knew what it was like to not have a life and have life plane just dreams to look forward to which were just distance dreams. Steinbeck expresses his feelings on life living on a ranch through Georges character, in the book George was always repeating his story on men living on the ranch and describes them as nobodies. John Steinbeck wrote Of Men and Mice during depression and wrote about two men George and Lenny as the loneliest guys in the world which were like him not going to stay alone they are different and they will achieve there dream and this is what John Steinbeck achieved. Guy swho lived on ranches were usually very lonely but John Steinbeck was not going to be lonely and when too old be useless he wanted to overcome his dream. Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place. They come to a ranch an work up a stake and then they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know theyre poundin their tale on some other ranch. They ait got nothing to look ahead to. John Steinbeck then lived in California and wrote Grapes of Wrath a story about people who earned nothing and would work non stop for a slice of bread. Both Steinbecks novels are to do with money and people working so hard to become there dream like Lenny and George their dream was to have their dream house but it was out of their reach and they could not overcome it. Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and lived until 1928. He lived in Dorset so knew a lot about the place he wrote the withered arm which was set in Dorset during 1825 although Hardy knew a lot about Dorset he set the novel before he was even born. Because the story was set so before his time he had to adapt his knowledge of Dorset to how it was in the 1820s his words had to be old fashioned and include long intense sentences to suit the play in the time it was set. Unlike John Steinbeck, Hardy wrote long sentences with old fashioned words. Thomas Hardy was educated locally and at 16 he worked for an architect. At 22 he went to London to train as architect, he then returned home, he then returned home in 1867 persue his chosen career to write novels. He had even started writing his first novel The Poor Man and the Lady, which was never published. Thomas Hardy wrote about fate and pentimizium, most of his novels were tragedies, and he appeared to grow more pessimistic in later life. He then stopped writing novels and returned to writing poetry. Thomas Hardy wrote the withered arm of which is his best known novel The withered arm DESCRIPTION OF STORY. Both the authors write about women confronted by circumstances that make their lives very difficult. The women are outsiders and are not loved and want a better life. Of Mice and Men written by john Steinbeck has a woman in, in the story her name is never spoken of she is referred to as Curlys wife as though she is his woman. She is the only woman on the ranch so is an outsider, she has no one to relate to. Curlys wife is presented in the Story Of Mice and Men as a tart or a flirt her clothing and her body language create a flirty atmosphere. Her clothing is very tarty she wears red clothing and red makeup and red was the colour usually worn by prostitutes so she is wearing these tarty clothes for attention. Quote Curlys wife description She wants to be looked at, her husband Curly is not giving her the attention she needs and she is feeling lonely and apart from the world, on her own and wants a friend or to be loved. Her husband Curly also lives on the Ranch and treats his wife as an outsider, curly doesnt love his wife he just treats her as a sex object. The withered arm written by Thomas Hardy also has a woman in Rhoda Brook is made to feel as an outsider. Rhoda isnt married and doesnt have a partner, in those days to be a single mum was very unlikely so the people in her town thought she was a witch so she didnt have many friends. Rhoda lives with her twelve year old son in father lodges cottage, Rhoda is very in love with Farmer Lodge but he has a very beautiful wife which Rhoda is extremly jealous of. The thin woman who had not spoken was joined by a boy of twelve or thereabout. Rhoda Brook is not very attractive she is pale, tall and thin. Unlike Curlys wife she isnt beautiful so cannot use her beauty to attract men and get peoples attention. Rhoda is very jealous of beautiful woman so unlike Curlys wife, Rhoda is around other woman so isnt an outsider in that prospective she is an outsider because of men, she is neglected by men and is unlucky in love. Rhodas loneliness and emotional feelings only aid to the boys like Curlys wife she wants to be loved and cared about. Rhoda works on a farm as a milking woman. Curlys wife doesnt work she is just a housewife for Curly. Curlys wife was very much like George and Lennie they all had a dream but none of them came true. Curlys wifes dream was to be a movie star but she could not live her dream because she met Curly, they fell in love and he took her away from the natural world and placed her in a lonely neglected environment on the ranch. On the Ranch she is never spoken to because the men on the ranch dont want curly thinking there is something going on with her wife and another man because he would kick them off the ranch. Curly and Rhoda are very different in appearance but very similar in personality and would be feeling very alike. Rhoda is very modest and lifeless unlike Curlys wife who seems to be very outgoing and flirtatious.

Reflection on Nursing Presentation

Reflection on Nursing Presentation REFLECTION ON MY PRESENTATION Introduction: As part of my overseas program I had to deliver a 15 minutes presentation on choice of subject in front of my colleagues. An effective presentation makes the best use of the relationship between the presenter and the audience. It takes full consideration of the audience’s needs in order to capture their interest, develop their understanding, inspire their confidence and achieve the presenter’s objectives (University of Leicester, 2009). According to Nickolas (2003), to facilitate an effective presentation there are four elements. They are: Planning, Preparation, Practicing, Presenting Planning: it includes selection of an important topic, finding the learning outcomes, organising the content, preparing the visuals. Preparation: The main aim is to prepare clear, simple and attractive visuals. For eg: effective power point slides. Practicing: Practice makes perfection it includes rehearse and pre rehearse. In rehearse practicing the things you are intend doing, but in pre rehearse practicing the things you might have to do. Presenting: It includes facial expression, pace, voice, body movements, use of pointer, roles etc†¦ In order to write a reflection I selected Gibbs 1988 model. It is mainly used by health professionals. To reflect is not enough, you then have to put into practice the learning and new understanding you have gained therefore allowing the reflective process to inform your practice. Taking action is the key; Gibbs prompts the practitioner to formulate an action plan. This enables the reflective practitioner to look at their practice and see what they would change in the future, how they would develop/improve their practice (Gibbs, 1988). It has got six different stages. Which are description, feeling ,evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. Description: As part of my overseas nursing program I had to deliver a 15 minutes presentation on choice of subject on the final day at university. On my period of planning I was very confused about the selection of topic. Variety of topics was in my mind. Finally I decided my topic which was percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding and the care of patient with PEG. I was really satisfied when I selected the topic. Because I felt it is going to be an important and useful information for all the nurses in their work place. Initial period of my job in this country have come across patients with PEG tube. It was a new experience for me. After the selection of my topic I started doing some research on it. I read some books, journals, and collected information from search engines. Evidence based practice define as ‘ the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making nursing decisions about the care of individual patients’ (Sackett, 1996). As it is a problem solving approach to the today’s healthcare system, it brings better clinical decisions and patient outcome. In order to make my presentation more effective and clear I decided to use some visuals, this was power point slides. My slides were simple and easy to understand. Once I finished my preparation I started to practise. I practised in front of my family just to reduce the stage fear. At the day of presentation I was confident enough to present in front of a group. Feeling: In order to adjust the time our group was divided in to two. I was the third person in the first group. On the day I was slightly nervous especially few minutes before the presentation starts. Fortunately I felt very confident at the time of presentation and the colleagues were really supportive and responsive which increased my comfort level with in the class. Now I feel , by doing this presentation helped me to achieve an important skill in my profession, as teaching has an active part in nursing. Evaluation: International Center for Alcohol Policies (2014) says Evaluation offers a way to determine whether an initiative has been worthwhile in terms of delivering what was intended and expected. It has an important role to improve own skills. After my presentation I approached my tutor and she gave me a very effective and clear feedback. She explained my aims, learning outcomes, introduction of presentation was clearly stated. I used appropriate aids and the delivery of presentation was appropriate, and it was evidence based too. The place where I could improve was the time management as I was little short on my time. Analysis: According to Ritchey, (1996) Analysis is defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole into parts or components. After my presentation I have gone through my experience once again and I felt my selection of topic was right as I saw my colleagues enjoyed the topic. But I was a little bit disappointed as I was a bit short on my time. When I was practicing at home I made sure I was on time. With this presentation I understood the importance of planning and organising the work as well as time management. Conclusion: I found it myself the opportunity I got from the overseas nursing program was really great. Teaching in front of a group of people was a stressful job for me. When I realized I had to do it I tried for the level best and the feedback from my tutor made me more strong. Nurse has an important role in teaching the staff. In my future career I will be more confident to teach people , because I understood that, it will increase my knowledge as well. Action plan: I will be doing another presentation in my work place regarding moving and handling as we have many new staff started. Before I do it I will make sure I will reach my intended time limit. Moreover that, I will go through reading materials and prepare the contents from evidence based knowledge. This section I am planning to do it with a mixture of theory and practical. I will show them the different types of hoists, slings and how to use it. It will be more easier to understand the moving and handling technique. Adhering to NMC code (2008) I will update my knowledge and skills throughout my career. References: Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by Doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. London: Further Education Unit. Nickolas, F (2003). Effective presentations, distance consulting: www.nickols.uk (Last accessed on 04/02/2014) NMC(2008) The code. http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Guidance/NMC-Guidance-on-professional-conduct-for-nursing-and-midwifery-students.PDF (Last accessed on 10/01/2014). International Center for Alcohol Policies (2014) What Is Evaluation. Online.(Last accessed on 24/02/2014) . http://www.icap.org/PolicyTools/Toolkits/EvaluationToolkit/2WhatIsEvaluation/tabid/441/Default.aspx Ritchey T, (1996) On Scientific Method Based on a Study by Bernhard Riemann. Analysis and Synthesis. Online.(Last accessed on 20/02/2014) http://swemorph.com/pdf/anaeng-r.pdf Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M., Gray, J.A., Haynes, R.B. and Richardson, W.S. (1996) ‘Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t’, British Medical Journal. University of Leicester (2009) Planning an effective presentation. Learning development .online. (Last accessed on 10/02/2014). http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/pdfs-of-study-guides/presentation- skills-pdfs/planning-presentation-v1.0.pdf. R PhilipPage 1 Reflection on Nursing Presentation Reflection on Nursing Presentation Working in the surgical ward entails numerous responsibilities for a health care practitioner like me. Thinking about the holistic care, recovery of patients and minimising any complications from occurring are a few of those responsibilities that a surgical nurse always has to keep in mind. According to Anthony Lee (2007), whether it is abdominal surgery, plastic surgery, or any other invasive surgical treatment, it is dangerous to assume 100% safety. He also stressed that due to the miracles that surgery gives, people might often tend to forget the risks and complications that go with it. One of these risks commonly associated with surgery is the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in the postoperative phase. In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant risk for surgical patients especially those undergoing orthopaedic surgery and lengthy procedures (ICS 2002, SIGN 2002, Geerts et al 2004, ICS 2006, NICE 2007). This fact gave me the interest of choosing DVT prevention as my topic for the presentation so as to make me and the listeners more knowledgeable about DVT risk assessment prevention thus eradicating this complication from occurring. This essay points out a reflection about the 15-minute seminar presentation that I completed within the course of my study. Utilising the Gibbs (1988) reflective model, I would be sharing my learning and feelings based on the whole experience. DESCRIPTION During the first meeting with our programme tutors, we were orientated to prepare a 15-minute presentation of any topic related to our whole adaptation experience which would particularly focus on evidence-based practice. This would assess not only our knowledge and mastery of the chosen topic but it would also assess our communication and presentational skills. Based on the assignment given, I made a research about evidence based practice to guide me in choosing my topic. As cited by Sackett, et al (1996), evidence based practice is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. Based on these findings, I carried on with my quest for an interesting topic.   Within the week, I was able to take care of a patient who was admitted for suspected deep vein thrombosis when he stopped wearing his antiembolic stockings. His wife had difficulty putting them on his legs. He was my patient the previous month when he had a total hip replacement done. This patient made me realise how important antiembolic stockings are and made me interested about DVT. Thus, I finally decided to present about the prevention of DVT in surgical patients. In preparation for the upcoming presentation day, I started my research by checking the internet for any information regarding DVT and its prevention. There were so much information from different sources and reading on these different sources made the topic confusing for me. So, I started searching for an article from journals that would be perfect for my presentation and which I could focus on. I found an article from the Journal of Perioperative Practice and based my presentation on that article. I organised my presentation, added more relevant information from different sources, and made a structured powerpoint presentation based from the researches made. I also added pictures colourful designs to make my visual aids creative. I studied on my topic and did a lot of practice days before the final day to make me more confident. FEELINGS The awaited presentation day finally came. To boost my confidence and impress the viewers, I was all dressed up to look smart. I was so nervous while waiting for my turn to present especially that it was quite a long time ago that I have had presentations like this. I was also a bit worried that the time allotted for my presentation would not be enough for me because I made it as comprehensive as possible. I was also planning to give a short exercise for the viewers to gain interaction from them. When it was my turn to speak up, the confidence came out and the nervousness faded. I was able to explain the whole topic thoroughly without any difficulty and the 15 minutes went so quickly. I was able to attract attention from the viewers by making the presentation as lively as possible and gaining interaction from them through exchange of ideas. At the end of the presentation, I was also able to assess their understanding of the topic by conducting a short exercise about DVT risk assessment. My presentation went smoothly and before I knew it, it came to an end. I really enjoyed being on stage much more than the whole preparation phase. EVALUATION After everyone presented their topics, our assessors gave us their evaluation about our performances. The assessor gave me very good feedback regarding my overall performance. I was so surprised that he gave me the highest possible grade in all the criteria. I was informed that I had very good communication interaction skills and that I mastered my topic really well. I was so happy with feedback from my assessor and from my fellow classmates as well. I can never believe that I have that much confidence in me and that I was able to nail the presentation. One comment that I could possibly give about my presentation is the fact that I made it so comprehensive that the 15 minutes was not enough for me to really explain some of the topics well. I asked for an extension of the time given so as I could finish the exercise. ANALYSIS This experience made me prove to myself that I am able to attain my goals with perseverance and belief in myself. I gained so much learning and realisations from the whole experience and these after effects are whats most important to make me a better person and a better professional. As defined, learning could be thought of as a process by which behaviour changes as a result of experience (Maples and Webster 1980 quoted in Merriam and Caffarella 1991: 124). I am hoping that this experience would make me change my behaviour to be more confident when interacting with other people. CONCLUSION The entire experience was an excellent way of gaining knowledge about evidence based practice. But, it was not focused on the reinforcement of our knowledge alone but on the enhancement of our communication and interaction skills. I can say that I gave my best to deliver a good presentation but still, there is always a room for improvement. I can say that the topic that I covered was too long to fit in a 15 minute presentation and because of that, I was rushing to finish all my slides within the allotted time. So, the next time I would do another presentation, I have realised that I should simplify the topics and practice more beforehand to know if the allotted time is enough for the whole presentation. ACTION PLAN With this activity, I have gained much learning and had improved my presentational skills. In the future, I would expect to be more confident in doing presentations and be able to anticipate the tasks that need to be done beforehand. I would spend more time in preparation for the activity to gain more confidence and to prevent any difficulties from occurring.

Free Essay - Good Vs. Evil in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Free Essay - Good Vs. Evil in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On important theme within The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn is the struggle between good and evil as experienced when Huck's personal sense of truth and justice come in conflict with the values of society around him.   These occurrences happen often within the novel, and usually Huck chooses the truly moral deed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One such instance occurs when Huckleberry realizes that he is helping a runaway slave.   His moral dilemma is such that he is uncertain whether he should or should not turn this slave, named Jim, over to the authorities.   Society tells him that he is aided a criminal, and that is against the law.   However, he has grown quite attached to Jim, and is beginning to realize that Jim is a really good person.   He would also never hurt him.   This illustrates the concept and symbolism of Jim's freedom and societies influence on Huck.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At one point, Huck convinces himself that the nest opportunity he receives, he will turn Jim in, and clear his conscience.   The opportunity became available when slave hunters meet them on the river.   Huck had an absolutely perfect chance to turn him over.   However, he made up a story that his father was sick and needed help and asked the slave hunters for help.   They immediately assumed that his father had smallpox, and he wanted nothing to do with Huck or his father.   Thus, he had saved Jim, and actually felt good about it.   Further along in the book, Jim becomes a slave again.   Huckleberry, with the aid of Tom Sawyer, free's Jim.   Once again, Jim's escape and freedom are more important to Huck than societies viewpoint.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The river is also important.   The river is symbolic of freedom.   It is also symbolic of good.   When Jim and Huck are rafting down the river, they are free of society.   They have no laws.   This is not to say that they are lawless, however, the laws they obey are there own.   This is in direct contrast to being on land, where society reigns supreme.   Land is evil.   This contrast also seems

Essay --

DNA isolation and amplification of ansA1 and ansA3 genes Good quality genomic DNA was isolated (Sambrook, et al 2002) and bothansA1 and ansA3 genes were amplified by PCR. Clear bands of both the genes showing a size of 1kb were observed under UV transilluminator after agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig 1). Figure 1: PCR amplification of both ansA1 and ansA3 genes: Lane (A): Step up 100bp marker, Lane (B): amplification of ansA1 gene, Lane (C): amplification of ansA3 gene Overexpression and purification The overexpressed recombinant proteins (rBliAI and rBliAIII) of B. licheniformis MTCC 429 were purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA column. Overexpression of recombinant His-tagged asparaginase into E.coli leads to improvement in yield and affinity purification process of enzyme (Enriquez et al, 2012). The fractions showing presence of protein with the help of Bradford’s reagent were pooled together. The pooled protein solution was dialyzed against the same buffer and was checked for the L-asparaginase activity. The purified protein after SDS PAGE or Native PAGE showed a single band (Fig 2) illustrating its homogeneous nature. The molecular weight of the subunits of ansA1 and ansA3was found to be approximately 37kD after SDS PAGE analysis. SDS PAGE analysis of recombinant L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus displayed single 37kDa band (Bansal et al, 2010). In another study, recombinant ansA from Rhizobium etliin SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a single polypeptide chain of 47kDa (Enriquez et al, 2012).Native PAGE analysis showed the molecular weight of the purified protein as ~74 kDa. This study confirmed that the ansA1 and ansA3 enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 429 are a homodimer in... ...8 1.50x106 Roth et al, 2013 Table Comparative kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of L-asparagine The kinetic properties of recombinant BliA were investigated and the parameters like kcat and kcat/Km were also studied with L-asparagine as a substrate. Comparative studies of the rBliA with asparaginases from various microbial sources showed that rBliA has lower Km value for L-asparagine (Table 2) confirming thatrBliA hasbetter affinity towards its substrate than other reported (Table) microbial sources. The catalytic constant (kcat) of rBliA was only 1.5 times higher than the L-asparaginase from E.coli and catalytic constant of rErAII was 1.35 times higher than rBliA. The absolute value of kcat/Km suggests the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Price and Nairn, 2009). kcat/Km of the rBliAIII was 5.4x 104 which is lower than the asparaginases from E.coli and Erwinia. Essay -- DNA isolation and amplification of ansA1 and ansA3 genes Good quality genomic DNA was isolated (Sambrook, et al 2002) and bothansA1 and ansA3 genes were amplified by PCR. Clear bands of both the genes showing a size of 1kb were observed under UV transilluminator after agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig 1). Figure 1: PCR amplification of both ansA1 and ansA3 genes: Lane (A): Step up 100bp marker, Lane (B): amplification of ansA1 gene, Lane (C): amplification of ansA3 gene Overexpression and purification The overexpressed recombinant proteins (rBliAI and rBliAIII) of B. licheniformis MTCC 429 were purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA column. Overexpression of recombinant His-tagged asparaginase into E.coli leads to improvement in yield and affinity purification process of enzyme (Enriquez et al, 2012). The fractions showing presence of protein with the help of Bradford’s reagent were pooled together. The pooled protein solution was dialyzed against the same buffer and was checked for the L-asparaginase activity. The purified protein after SDS PAGE or Native PAGE showed a single band (Fig 2) illustrating its homogeneous nature. The molecular weight of the subunits of ansA1 and ansA3was found to be approximately 37kD after SDS PAGE analysis. SDS PAGE analysis of recombinant L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus displayed single 37kDa band (Bansal et al, 2010). In another study, recombinant ansA from Rhizobium etliin SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a single polypeptide chain of 47kDa (Enriquez et al, 2012).Native PAGE analysis showed the molecular weight of the purified protein as ~74 kDa. This study confirmed that the ansA1 and ansA3 enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 429 are a homodimer in... ...8 1.50x106 Roth et al, 2013 Table Comparative kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of L-asparagine The kinetic properties of recombinant BliA were investigated and the parameters like kcat and kcat/Km were also studied with L-asparagine as a substrate. Comparative studies of the rBliA with asparaginases from various microbial sources showed that rBliA has lower Km value for L-asparagine (Table 2) confirming thatrBliA hasbetter affinity towards its substrate than other reported (Table) microbial sources. The catalytic constant (kcat) of rBliA was only 1.5 times higher than the L-asparaginase from E.coli and catalytic constant of rErAII was 1.35 times higher than rBliA. The absolute value of kcat/Km suggests the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Price and Nairn, 2009). kcat/Km of the rBliAIII was 5.4x 104 which is lower than the asparaginases from E.coli and Erwinia.

Csp Reflection Essay

a) Identify your agency and briefly discuss the history, goals and objectives. The name of my agency is Maldon Primary School. Maldon Primary is a rural school located in the community of Maldon in the parish of St. James. It was established in January 1935 and named after a white land owner named John Maldon. The first principal was Mr. Morrison and the current principal (acting) is Mrs. Kennedy. The Ministry of Education 2008-1009 School Profile Statistics, shows an enrollment of 374 and a percentage attendance of 88%. However, current records reveal a student enrollment of 330 which includes 151 boys and 182 girls and an attendance rate of 85-90%. The total staff population is 15, consisting of 13 teachers including acting principal and the guidance counselor and 3 ancillary staff. Mission Statement- â€Å"to provide a system which secures quality education for all students within our school community and fasters the holistic development of each child.† a) Bearing the Vision 2030 goal you selected in reflection 1 in mind, identify a set of objectives you aim to fulfill in your assignment at your agency. The following are objectives I aim to fulfill at my agency: 1) To gain experience so that when I venture into the working world I will know what to expect. 2) For my community service I am teaching grade 3 therefore, my objective is to help educate the students which will contribute to the passing of the Grade 3 Diagnostic Test. b) Discuss the specific steps you will take to accomplish those objectives. To accomplish my objectives I would: 1. Make sure that I am always on time 2. Always be ready to jump at any given task. 3. Try to always be available to the students and to answer their questions as clearly as possible. 4. Use my time efficiently and effectively, not to spend more or limited time with one student, i.e. treat them fairly but if a student is slow I would help him/her to catch up with the other students